The tension between radical politics and countercultural freedom defined Seibu Kōdō’s 1970s. By 1970, festivals like Fuck ’70 and the founding of the Mojo West series of music festivals marked a cultural turn: politics gave way to youth culture and free expression. This shift was not without controversy. While Mojo West offered stages to popular bands like PYG, and foreign acts like Frank Zappa, radicals accused organizers of betraying Seibu Kōdō’s putative role as an anti-establishment bastion. At the same time, smaller venues like Drugstore incubated new genres, including punk and noise.
Kyoto’s first "Japanese" punk show, in 1978, featured the band SS as the only official local act on the bill of what was called the Tokyo’s Rockers Kansai Tour (as the name implies, this comprised groups from the capital). Groups like Hijokaidan (非常階段) and Aunt Sally pushed musical boundaries through noise and “no-wave,” and staged shocking performances involving raw meat, garbage, and bodily fluids. For these artists, Seibu Kōdō offered one of the few affordable, open spaces for unrestricted experimentation. Yet by the late 1970s, financial strain and political and cultural decline clouded the scene. Maintaining the decaying hall required constant fundraising. Seirenkyō pawned equipment to cover costs, while critics lamented that few of the current bands or even audience remembered the radical struggles of the 1960s.
By the 1970s Seibu Kōdō became established as the often referred to "Mecca" of rock music in Japan. The first Mojo West festival took place in 1970, organised by Kimura (Ki-Yan) Hideki (木村英樹) and endorsed by the father of Japanese rock and roll, Uchida Yuya (内田悠也). Ki-Yan was inspired by attending folk festivals in the USA and wanted to bring the freedom of the hippie movement to Japan.
Detail from a 1973 map of Kyoto showing Seibu Kōdō, drawn by Julie of Kyoto based teen idols The Tigers. The caption notes the brilliant blue in which the roof was painted. Mojo (22: 6, 1973)
The original Mojo West festival established the rooftop of Seibu Kōdō as a political billboard, with the phrase FUCK '70 daubed across it — a critical reference to the Osaka Expo of the same year. While Ki-Yan did not necessarily select bands based on their politics, the Mojo West festivals and other affiliated events such as the Phantom Festival (Genyasai 幻野祭) of 1972 reflected the shift from the bubble gum pop of the 1960s into the more activist rock of the 1970s. More overtly political acts such as Zunō Keisatsu (図脳警察, Brain Police) began performing at Seibu Kōdō along with mainstays Murahachibu (村八分, pictured below).
Members of the group Murahachibu outside Seibu Kōdō. Heibon Punch (1971)
The Phantom Festival held in 1972 linked music with global revolutionary politics: one of the reasons it was held was to commemorate the deaths of two members of the Kyoto Partisans, a Japanese Red Army affiliated organisation which orchestrated a botched attempt at a plane hijacking in Tel Aviv in 1972. Airport security discovered three Kyoto Partisans attempting to enter a plane at what was then called Lod Airport; panicked, the activists opened fire. Among the resulting 26 dead were two of the Partisans, Okudaira Tsuyoshi (奥平剛士) and Yasuda Yasuyuki (安田安之), both Kyoto University students.
During the Phantom Festival, students painted three stars on the roof of Seibu Kōdō as a memorial to the political martyrs (although the third attacker, Okamoto Kōzō (岡本公三), survived). Here we see a blending of radical memory with cultural expression, cementing the auditorium as both a memorial space and a centre of avant-garde activity.
The three stars to commemorate the Lod Airport attack still in place (2026). Photograph by authors